01 缘起
由于在《圣经》中大量出现,forty和seven这两个数字就变得非常“神圣”(sacrosanct)。数字seven在英语中常用来表示“好运气”(good fortune),它被认为是a mystic or sacred number(神秘而又神圣的数字)。所以有一部从1964年开始不断更新拍摄至今的英国电影7 Up(《人生七年》),还有个柠檬饮料叫7 up(七喜)。
Forty则常用来表示“多”“无以复加”(many),如forty winks表示“(口语)小睡,(白天)打盹”,在美国英语中干脆就表示“一会儿”。William Freeman在其著作A Concise Dictionary of English Idioms(《简明英语惯用法词典》)中说“forty” formerly implied an indefinite number, meaning “a few”(forty以前用来表示无限,“许多”)。莎士比亚的作品中也经常用这个词义。
02 举例
Forty因其在《圣经》中出现的频率较高,所以此数被认为是“神数”(sacrosanct)。比如:
Moses was “in the mount forty days and forty nights”(摩西“在山上住四十昼夜”);
Elijah was fed by ravens for forty days(乌鸦连续四十天给以利亚供养饼和肉);
the rain of the FLOOD fell forty days(洪水泛滥在地上四十天);
and another forty days expired before Noah opened the window of the ark(过了四十天,挪亚开了方舟的窗户);
forty days was the period of embalming(熏尸的常例是四十天);
Nineveh had forty days to repent(上帝给尼尼微四十天的时间改邪归正);
Our Lord fasted forty days(耶稣禁食四十昼夜);
He was seen forty days after his Resurrection(耶稣复活和升天之间是四十天)等等。
由此就有了许多和forty相关的稀奇古怪的规则或说法,比如:
a QUARANTINE extends to forty days(疫情隔离需要四十天);
in Old English law forty days was the limit for the payment for the fine for the manslaughter(古英语时期的法律规定过失杀人可以交罚金,交罚金的日期截止到第四十天);
a stranger, at the end of forty days, was compelled to be enrolled in the TITHING(外来户在一个地方住够四十天就必须加入本地的十户联保组);
the privilege of SANCTUARY was for forty days(最多有权在庇护所住四十天);
the widow was allowed to remain in her husband’s house for forty days after his decease(寡妇可以在逝去丈夫的居所再住四十天);
a KNIGHT enjoined forty days’ service of his tenant(骑士可以责令佃户提供四十天的劳役);
a new-made burgess had to forfeit forty pence unless he built a house within forty days(刚刚获得自由身的自由民如果不能在四十天内建好住房就必须缴纳四十便士的罚金)等等。
03 用法
需要特别说明的是,forty表示“无限多”这个词义是以前的用法,现在保留下来的大概就只有forty winks(打个盹)(处于睡眠状态时眼睛其实是在不停地眨)这个表达了。但是对于阅读和理解以前的文学作品来说,forty这个表示“无限多”的意义却是非常重要的。意识不到这一点,往往就会导致理解和翻译的错误。